📐 Antenna Calculator & Builder

Calculate antenna lengths, build wire antennas, and design your perfect antenna system. From simple dipoles to complex arrays - all the calculations you need!

🧮 Antenna Calculators

📏 Dipole Antenna Calculator

Dipole Antenna Diagram

📋 Dipole Construction Tips:

  • • Use 14 AWG or thicker wire for strength
  • • Center feed with 50Ω coax
  • • Keep 1/2 wavelength above ground
  • • Use good insulators at the ends

📶 Vertical Antenna Calculator

Vertical Antenna Diagram

📋 Vertical Construction Tips:

  • • Use 4+ radials for good ground plane
  • • Feed at base with 50Ω coax
  • • Ground radials = 1/4 wavelength
  • • Consider loading coil for shorter

🎯 End-Fed Half Wave (EFHW) Calculator

EFHW Antenna Diagram

⭐ EFHW Advantages for VU3:

  • • Single wire - easy to hide/deploy
  • • Works multiple bands with tuner
  • • High impedance feed point - flexible routing
  • • Perfect for apartment/restricted locations
  • • Estimated cost: ₹3,000-5,000 for 49:1 transformer

📡 Yagi Beam Calculator

Yagi Antenna Diagram

🏗️ Popular Antenna Designs

📏 Wire Antennas

Dipole

Classic center-fed design

• Feed: 50Ω coax center
• Length: 1/2 wavelength
• Impedance: ~73Ω

EFHW

End-fed convenience

• Feed: End with transformer
• Length: 1/2 wavelength
• Impedance: ~2500Ω

Inverted V

Space-saving dipole variant

• Feed: Center like dipole
• Angle: 90-120 degrees
• Height: Single support

📶 VHF/UHF Antennas

1/4 Wave Vertical

Simple omnidirectional

• 2m: ~50cm
• 70cm: ~17cm
• Needs ground plane

J-Pole

No ground plane needed

• 5/8 wave radiator
• 1/4 wave matching stub
• Easy to build with wire

3-Element Yagi

Directional gain

• Gain: ~7-9 dBi
• F/B ratio: ~15-20 dB
• Boom: ~1.2 wavelength

🚀 Advanced Antennas

Hex Beam

Multi-band directional

• 20m-6m coverage
• Lightweight design
• No switching needed

Log Periodic

Wideband coverage

• Multi-octave bandwidth
• Moderate gain
• Complex construction

Phased Array

Steerable pattern

• Electronic steering
• Multiple elements
• Advanced control

📻 Band-Specific Antenna Recommendations

📡 HF Bands (VU3 Limited)

40m (7 MHz)

EFHW: ~20m wire, Dipole: ~20m total

20m (14 MHz)

EFHW: ~10m wire, Dipole: ~10m total

15m (21 MHz)

EFHW: ~7m wire, Vertical: ~3.5m

📶 VHF (2m)

1/4 Wave Vertical

~50cm + 4 radials

J-Pole

~1.5m total length

3-El Yagi

~1.2m boom, 7-9 dBi gain

📡 UHF (70cm)

1/4 Wave Vertical

~17cm + radials

5-El Yagi

~50cm boom, 10+ dBi gain

Collinear

~1m vertical, 6-8 dBi gain

🔨 Antenna Construction Tips

⚡ Wire & Materials

  • • Use 14 AWG minimum for HF antennas
  • • Stranded wire is more flexible than solid
  • • Stainless steel for corrosion resistance
  • • Good insulators prevent RF leakage
  • • Weatherproof all connections

📐 Installation Guidelines

  • • Height matters more than power
  • • Keep away from metal objects
  • • Use proper coax impedance (50Ω)
  • • Minimize coax run length
  • • Install lightning protection

📚 Antenna Reference Gallery

Dipole Antenna

Dipole Antenna

Most popular HF antenna

  • • Total length = λ/2
  • • Feed impedance: ~73Ω
  • • Bidirectional pattern
  • • Easy to build & tune
Vertical Antenna

Vertical Antenna

Omnidirectional VHF/UHF

  • • Length = λ/4 or 5λ/8
  • • Needs ground plane
  • • 360° coverage
  • • Good for mobile/base
EFHW Antenna

End-Fed Half Wave

Portable HF solution

  • • Length = λ/2
  • • Needs 49:1 UnUn
  • • Single feed point
  • • Great for field ops
Yagi Antenna

Yagi-Uda Beam

Directional high gain

  • • Multiple elements
  • • High gain & directivity
  • • VHF/UHF/Microwave
  • • Excellent for EME/DX
Ground Plane Antenna

Ground Plane

Classic base antenna

  • • λ/4 vertical + radials
  • • Low angle radiation
  • • Excellent for DX
  • • 50Ω feed impedance
J-Pole Antenna

J-Pole Antenna

End-fed with stub

  • • Total length = λ
  • • Built-in matching stub
  • • No ground plane needed
  • • Popular for VHF/UHF

📋 Quick Reference Notes

Wavelength Formula:

λ (meters) = 300 / frequency (MHz)

λ (feet) = 984 / frequency (MHz)

Common Corrections:

• Wire antennas: multiply by 0.95

• End effects: subtract 5%

• Velocity factor varies by material